Carley Bonnett
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Your provider is there to support you in all aspects of your health. Testosterone replacement therapy may be an option for you. For all these reasons, your healthcare provider will carefully consider if TRT is safe for you based on your unique characteristics. Research has also studied the increased risk of venous thromboembolism, and the results are mixed. But there aren’t many studies on the long-term effects of TRT (for example, over decades). If you don’t have these health concerns, TRT is generally safe.
The 2023 TRAVERSE trial in high‑risk men found testosterone was non‑inferior to placebo for major cardiac events over follow‑up, though there were slightly higher rates of atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism, and acute kidney injury. If hematocrit climbs, your clinician may lower the dose, split injections, switch formulations, or pause therapy. Intranasal testosterone (3 times daily) avoids transfer risk and allows quick on/off. Long-acting testosterone undecanoate (administered in clinic) offers stable levels with less frequent dosing but requires monitoring for rare reactions. Fixing these can improve or even normalize testosterone, and will make any therapy work better. You’re a candidate when you have both consistent low levels and symptoms.
Shortly thereafter, in 1937, testosterone first became commercially available as a pharmaceutical drug in the form of pellets and then in ester form for intramuscular injection as the relatively short-acting testosterone propionate. Unlike testosterone, AAS that are 17α-alkylated, like metandienone and stanozolol, are orally active. Prominent examples include nandrolone (19-nortestosterone), metandienone (17α-methyl-δ1-testosterone), and stanozolol (a 17α-alkylated derivative of DHT). Another C17β ether prodrug of testosterone, silandrone, also exists but was never marketed, and is notable in that it is orally active. A C17β ether prodrug of testosterone, cloxotestosterone acetate, has also been marketed, although it is little known and is used very rarely or no longer. Major testosterone esters include testosterone cypionate, testosterone enanthate, testosterone propionate, and testosterone undecanoate.